This publication, the first in a series of reports covering the state of the information society on an annual basis, focuseson the theme of participation. The report has three interrelated goals: surveying the state of the field of ICTpolicy at the local and global levels; encouraging critical debate; and strengthening networking and advocacy for ajust, inclusive information society. It discusses the WSIS process and a range of international institutions, regulatoryagencies and monitoring instruments from the perspective of civil society and stakeholders in the global South.Alongside this discussion, a series of country reports are presented which examine issues of access and participationwithin a variety of national contexts. In compiling this publication, the APC and ITeM are following up on their long-term interest in the impact of civil society on governance processes and their efforts to enhance public participation in national and international forums.